Their report starts with the early days of the horse soldier and their initial mission to protect the western movement of people and commerce along the Northwest Oregon and Southwest Santa Fe Trails. These trails and railroad lines, which soon followed, a result of the perceived Manifest Destiny, extended the domination of the United States into the far reaches of a largely unsettled territory which was slowly developing.

The Army, having large areas of land masses and a growing number of people to protect, established a number of military posts at strategic locations throughout the Northwest, West and Southwest. These "outposts" were staffed with a fast, mobile and high spirited strike force of cavalry troops to provide protection along these arteries of emigration and commerce. These early missions, and the later reorganization and consolidation of many the early Cavalry Regimental Elements into the 1st Cavalry Division and its specialized support functions, along with new tactical equipment training and developments enabled the Division to evolve into the modern, highly trained, mission ready, assault and support force of today.

Throughout the history of the 1st Cavalry Division, it has had the ability to transition through the seamless integration of the methods of war fighting and improvements in armament technology. This attribute is founded upon the evolution of Division Commanders and subordinate units with experienced Commissioned and Noncommissioned personnel who continuously upgrade their management of warring skills.

Change Of Command Ceremony	Presentation Of Division Colors

Upper Left: The Commissioned, Noncommissioned Officers and Soldiers of the 1st Cavalry Division participates in a colorful Change of Command Ceremony at Cooper Field, Ft. Hood, TX, The flag was flown at "half staff" in memory of all the victims of the 911 attack.

Upper Right: The Color Guard presents the Colors of the Subordinate Units and the Division to the Outgoing and Incoming Commanders of the 1st Cavalry Division.

In combat, individual exploits and personal valor are important, but team effort wins the battles. The Department of the Army pays close attention to team performance as well to the organizations in which its soldiers serve and fight, and to the flags and colors that symbolize those organizations. In the same way that patriots fight for their country's flag, soldiers fight for their unit colors. It is one of the missions of the U.S. Army Center of Military History to retain those organizations with the greatest heritage on the rolls of the Army.

The older an organization, the more soldiers, both active and retired, have had the opportunity of serving in and identifying with it along with the more opportunities the organization has had to win battle honors. As the Army continues to be downsized, it is essential that the oldest and most honored organizations remain. As Base Realignment and Closings Laws are enacted and units are inactivated, flags and colors move around to ensure their retention. The term "reflagging" was coined in the 1980s to describe this phenomenon formerly called a "transfer less personnel and equipment." While such actions have occurred occasionally throughout the Army's history, they increased after World War II as the Army placed more emphasis on retaining units with the most history and honors.

The Army currently uses the following factors to determine the historical priority of Divisions and Brigades and the point value assigned to each:

• Age - one point for each year since initial organization. (No points are subtracted for periods of inactive status.)
• Campaign Participation Credit - two points for each campaign.
• US Unit Decorations - two points for each award.

As you will read in detail, in later chapters of its history, the 1st Cavalry Division has retained its long heritage throughout its organizational life by the following transformations:

• 1957, October 15 - The 24th Infantry Division was reflagged as the 1st Cavalry Division in Tonggu, South Korea.
• 1965, July 01 - The 11th Air Assault Division was reflagged as the 1st Cavalry Division, the Army's first Airmobile Division, at Fort Benning, Georgia.
• 1971. May 05 - The 1st Armored Division was reflagged as the 1st Cavalry Division at Fort Hood, Texas.
• Since 1971, several unit redesignations, reassignments and equipment upgrading have been made to improve the "war fighting" capability of the Division. Although not "reflagged", the most recent Line Organization of the 1st Cavalry Division, as structured under the "reconstitutational" changes instituted in the period of 15 February to 07 March, 2008 in preparation for deployment to Operation IRAQI FREEDOM - VI are shown below:

1st Cavalry Division Table Of Organization
Commanding General Deputy Command Generals Division Command Sergeant Major   Personal Staff     Equal Opportunity Inspector General Division Retention Staff Judge Advocate Comptroller Chaplain Commandant Public Affairs Chief Of Staff   Coordinating Staff     Special Staff   G1 Personnel G2 Intelligence Engineering G3 Operations G4 Logistics Chemical G5 Civil Affairs G6 Communications Provost Marshall G7 Information   Surgeon   Safety MAJOR SUBORDINATE COMMANDS "HQ", 1st Bde Combat Tm 1st Sqdn, 7th Cavalry Reg't "HHT", 1st Sqdn, 7th Mortar Pltn "A", "B" & "C" Trps "D" Co, 115th Bde Spt Bn 2nd Bn, 8th Cavalry Reg't "HHC", 2nd Bn, 8th Scout Pltn Mortar Pltn "A" & "B" Cos (Mech) "C" & "D" Cos (Armor) "E" Co, 115th Bde Spt Bn 2nd Bn, 5th Cavalry Reg't "HHC", 2nd Bn, 5th Scout Pltn Mortar Pltn "A" & "B" Cos (Mech) "C" & "D" Cos (Armor) "F" Co, 115th Bde Spt Bn 1st Bn, 82nd Fld Arty "HHB", 1st Bn, 82nd FA "A", "B" & "D" Btry "G" Co, 115th Bde Spt Bn 115th Bde Spt Bn (BSB) "HHC, 115th Bde Spt Bn "A", "B" & "C" Cos 1st Bde Spl Trps Bn (BSTB) "HHC", 1st Bde Spl Trps "A" Co, Military Intel UAV Platoon "B" Co, Signal "C" Co, Engineer MP Platoon NBC Recon Platoon "HQ", 2nd Bde Combat Tm 4th Sqdn, 9th Cavalry Reg't "HHT", 4th Sqdn, 9th Mortar Pltn "A", "B" & "C" Trps "D" Co, 15th Bde Spt Bn 1st Bn, 8th Cavalry Reg't "HHC", 1st Bn, 8th Scout Pltn Mortar Pltn "A", & "B" Cos (Mech) "C" & "D" Cos (Armor) "E" Co, 15th Bde Spt Bn 1st Bn, 5th Cavalry Reg't "HHC", 1st Bn, 5th Scout Pltn Mortar Pltn "A" & "B" Cos (Mech) "C" & "D" Cos (Armor) "F" Co, 15th Bde Spt Bn 3rd Bn, 82nd Fld Arty "HHB", 3rd Bn, 82nd FA "A" & "B" Btry "G" Co, 15th Bde Spt Bn 15th Bde Spt Bn (BSB) "HHC, 15th Bde Spt Bn "A", "B" & "C" Cos 2nd Bde Spl Trps Bn (BSTB) "HHC", 2nd Bde Spl Trps "A" Co, Military Intel UAV Platoon "B" Co, Signal "C" Co, Engineer MP Platoon NBC Recon Platoon "HQ", 3rd Bde Combat Tm 6th Sqdn, 9th Cavalry Reg't "HHT", 6th Sqdn, 9th Mortar Pltn "A". "B" & "C" Trps "D" Co, 215th Bde Spt Bn 1st Bn, 12th Cavalry Reg't "HHC", 1st Bn, 12th Scout Pltn Mortar Pltn "A", & "B" Cos (Mech) "C" & "D" Cos (Armor) "E" Co, 215th Bde Spt Bn 3rd Bn, 8th Cavalry Reg't "HHC", 3rd Bn, 8th Scout Pltn Mortar Pltn "A", & "B" Cos (Mech) "C" & "D" Cos (Armor) "F" Co, 215th Bde Spt Bn 2nd Bn, 82nd Fld Arty "HHB", 2nd Bn, 82nd FA "A" & "B" Btry "G" Co, 215th Bde Spt Bn 215th Bde Spt Bn (BSB) "HHC, 215th Bde Spt Bn "A", "B" & "C" Cos 3rd Bde Spl Trps Bn (BSTB) "HHC", 3rd Bde Spl Trps "A" Co, Military Intel UAV Platoon "B" Co, Signal "C" Co, Engineer MP Platoon NBC Recon Platoon "HQ", 4th Bde Combat Tm 1st Sqdn, 9th Cavalry Reg't "HHT", 1st Sqdn, 9th Mortar Pltn "A", "B" & "C" Trps "D" Co, 27th Bde Spt Bn 2nd Bn, 12th Cavalry Reg't "HHC", 2nd Bn, 12th Scout Pltn Mortar Pltn "A" & "B" Cos (Mech) "C" & "D" Cos (Armor) "E" Co, 27th Bde Spt Bn 2nd Bn, 7th Cavalry Reg't "HHC", 2nd Bn, 7th Scout Pltn Mortar Pltn "A" & "B" Cos (Mech) "C" & "D" Cos (Armor) "F" Co, 27th Bde Spt Bn 5th Bn, 82nd Fld Arty "HHB", 5th Bn, 82nd FA "A" & "B" Btry "G" Co, 27th Bde Spt Bn 27th Bde Spt Bn (BSB) "HHC, 27th Bde Spt Bn "A", "B" & "C" Cos 4th Bde Spl Trps Bn (BSTB) "HHC", 4th Bde Spl Trps "A" Co, Military Intel UAV Platoon "B" Co, Signal "C" Co, Engineer MP Platoon NBC Recon Platoon "HHC", 1st Air Cavalry Bde 1st Bn, 227th Avn (ATK) "HHC", 1st Bn, 227th Avn "A", "B", "C" & "D" Cos "E" Flt Spt Company 2nd Bn, 227th Avn (GS) "HHC", 2nd Bn, 227th Avn "A", "B", "C" & "D" Cos "E" Flt Spt Company "F" Company (ATGC) 3rd Bn, 227th Avn (ASLT) "HHC", 3rd Bn, 227th Avn "A", "B", "C" & "D" Cos "E" Flt Spt Company "F" Company (Blues Pltns) 4th Bn, 227th Avn (ATK) "HHC", 4th Bn, 227th Avn "A", "B", "C" & "D" Cos "E" Flt Spt Company 615th Avn Spt Bn (ASB) "HHC", 615th Spt Bn "A" & "B" Cos 1st Cav Div Spl Trps Bn "HSC", 1st CD (BSTB) "A" Co (Sig), 1st CD BSTB "B" Co (Sec), 1st CD BSTB "D" Co, (MI), 1st CD BSTD "HHC", 1st Cavalry Div 9th Air Spt Ops Sqdn G1-Personnel G-2 Intelligence G-3 Operation & Plans G-4 Logistics & Supply G-5 Civil Affairs G-6 Communications G-7 Information G-8 Comptroller EO Equal Opportunity IG Inspector General PMO Provost Marshal PO Public Affairs SJA Staff Judge Advocate Chaplin Chemical Commandant Engineer Retention Safety Surgeon 1st Cavalry Div Band 1st Cavalry Horse Det 1st CD Museum
Date Of Issue - 30 March, 2010

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In addition to the reviewing the histories of the subordinate units currently assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division, you may wish to read the rich histories of the Legacy Units; that formally served, contributed significantly to the combat effectiveness, played key roles in the battlefield accomplishments and evolutionary organizational restructuring of the 1st Cavalry Division.

Legacy Units Having Linage To The 1st Cavalry Division

"HQ&HQ" Battery 1st Bn, 21st Fld Arty 68th Chemical Company "HQ&HQ" Detachment 8th Engineer Bn 20th Engineer Bn 91st Engineer Bn "HQ&HQ" Company 515th Support Bn (FWD) 4th Bn, 5th Air Defense 13th Signal Bn 312th M.I. Bn 545th M.P. Company 15th Finance Bn "D" Trp, 9th Cavalry Reg't "F" Trp, 9th Cavalry Reg't   "HHT", 10th Cavalry Reg't "C" Trp, 10th Cavalry Reg't "HHC", 15th Sus. Bde (BSB) 15th Bde S Trp Bn (BSTB) "HHC", 15th Bde Spt Trps "A" Co, Maint & Med "B" Co, 15th BSTB Spt Opns (SPO) 15th Personnel Svc Bn

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Beginning with its organization and activation in 1921 to the present day, units of the 1st Cavalry Division have had major roles from defending our country, achieving victory in war to providing humanitarian support anywhere in the world. The

MISSION

"As one of the Army's two on-call heavy contingency force divisions, the First Team has an on-order mission to deploy to a designated contingency area of operations by sea, air or land, conduct reception, staging, onward movement and integration; and on order, conduct combat operations and redeployment."

American Defense	American Campaign	Asiatic Pacific Campaign	World War II Victory	Army of Occupation	Korean Service	Vietnam Service	SouthWest Asia	Iraq Service

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Introduction

The early history of Fort Bliss, TX, the Army Base where the 1st Cavalry Division was activated, was closely tied to the movement of people and trade along the Oregon and Santa Fe Trails. These routes, a result of perceived "manifest destiny", extended the domain of the United States into the far reaches of a largely unsettled territory. As more and more wagon trains loaded with settlers rolled west, they were attacked by Indians. The Army, having large areas of territory to protect, established a number of military posts at strategic locations throughout the West. These outposts were staffed with a fast, mobile and high spirited strike force of cavalry troops to provide protection along these arteries of emigration and commerce.

In order to provide a series of "snapshots" of the heritage of the 1st Cavalry Division that has evolved, some of it naturally and some of it by deliberate planning, its history is described by a series of "tableaux" which are presented for each of the significant events or challenges confronted by the Division.

Constitution, Activation and Organization
The Early Years
1921 - 1941

Daily Saber Exercises

On 22 January 1921, the 1st Cavalry Division was constituted in the U.S. Regular Army. Subsequently, on 20 August 1921 the 1st Cavalry Regiment, was preassigned to the 1st Cavalry Division nearly a month before the formal activation of the Division. On 13 September 1921, with the initiation of the National Defense Act, the 1st Cavalry Division was formally activated at Ft. Bliss, TX and Major General Robert Lee Howze, a Texas native from Rusk County and seasoned veteran of the Frontier Indian Wars, Spanish American War, Philippines Insurrection, Mexican Expedition, World War I and recipient of the Medal of Honor, was selected as its first Division Commander.

Upon formal activation, the 7th, 8th and 10th Cavalry Regiments were assigned to the new Division. With almost a century of service behind the oldest of its regiments and sixty five years of service for its youngest, the units that had already ridden and fought its way into the pages of history were organized into the newly formed divisional structure. The four regiments were now to fight side by side. Other units initially assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division in 1921 included the 1st and 2nd Machine Gun Squadrons, Weapons Troops, 10th Light Tank Company, 13th Signal Troop, 15th Veterinary Company, 27th Ordnance Company, 43rd Ambulance Company, 82nd Field Artillery Battalion (Horse) and the 1st Cavalry Quartermaster Trains which later was redesignated as the 15th Replacement Company.

Later, the 5th Cavalry Regiment was assigned on 18 December 1922, relieving the 10th Cavalry Regiment. On 03 January 1933, the 1st Cavalry Regiment was relieved from the Division and transferred to Ft. Knox, KY where it was reorganized and redesignated as a mechanized unit. Concurrent with the relief of the 1st Cavalry Regiment, the 12th Cavalry Regiment was assigned the 1st Cavalry Division. It would not be until 01 November 1957, when elements of the 4th Cavalry Regiment, 4th Battle Group and the first element of the 9th Cavalry Regiment, the 1st Squadron, would be assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division in Korea.

The following operational periods summaries the new threats and constant challenges presented to the Division that provided the opportunity to hone their experience levels and modernize equipment to what it is today.

WW II
1941 - 1945

Flying Column Close On Manila

In February 1943, the entire 1st Cavalry Division was alerted for an overseas assignment. They closed on their port of embarkment, Camp Stoneman. CA and departed during the period of 23 May to 21 June. Following six months of intensive training in northern Australia, adjusting to jungle environments, the Division got its first taste of combat in 1944 when they sailed for the Admiralty Islands and stormed ashore in an amphibious landing at Los Negros Island. After a fierce campaign on Los Negros and clearing the chain of surrounding islands, the Division could look with pride on its first combat test of World War II.

In the next action undertaken was Operation KING II on the Philippine Island of Leyte, On October 20, the invasion force must have appeared awesome to the waiting Japanese as it swept toward the eastern shores of Leyte near Tacloban. After the breakout of Tacloban, the the Division fought tirelessly against the Japanese fortification. With the last of the strong-holds eliminated, the Division moved on to Luzon, the main island of the Philippines. During the fighting on Luzon, the Division formed a "Flying Column" to slice through 100 miles of Japanese territory. In a period, measured in hours, the 1st Cavalry Division was in Manila and the prisoners at Santo Tomas were freed along with the recapture of the Malacanan Palace and the legislative buildings.

In 1945, following their long engagement with the enemy, the Division staged for the invasion (Operation OLYMPIC and CORONET) of Japan at Lucena, Luzon, PI. The war came to a sudden end when President Harry Truman authorized the use of the atomic bomb on Heroshima (06 August) and Nagasaki (09 August) and with the subsequent radio announcement, on 15 August, of the surrender of Japan made all the preparation superfluous. MacArthur's "First Team" was given the honor of leading the Allied Occupational Army into Tokyo.

Occupation Of Japan
1945 - 1950

Troopship Cecil - Yokohama

At 1030 hours of 04 September 1945 the leading ships were in place in the inner harbor of Yokohama. The First Team was given the honor of leading the Allied Occupational Army into Tokyo. The advanced party 1st Cavalry Division transferred to their landing crafts and landed unopposed at the Yokohama docks. As soon as the advanced party established initial assembly areas, movement of troops got underway. Transport ships moved to dockside and began their operation of unloading equipment and deboarding the 1st Cavalry Division soldiers.

The Division's first mission in Tokyo was to assume control of the central portion of the city. Daily patrols began the long task of locating, investigating and reporting all Japanese installations which had contributed to the nation's war effort. All arsenals, factories, barracks and storage grounds had to be examined and reports made of their contents. In addition, the Division was concerned with the status of demobilization of the Japanese armed forces. Although the Imperial Army and Navy were being disbanded under supervision of Japanese officials, the 1st Cavalry Division maintained liaison with them and checked on the progress of their work.

Korean War
1950 - 1951

70th Tank Battalion Moves Out

On 15 July 1950, the 1st Cavalry Division, thrust into action to counter the invasion of the North Koreans into South Korea sailed out of Tokyo Bay. On 18 July they plunged ashore at Pohangdong, South Korea, to successfully carry out the first amphibious landing of the Korean conflict. Moving inland, in a blocking maneuver, they halted the North Korean war machine at the Pusan Perimeter. The Division broke out of the perimeter in mid-September and started moving north. Crossing the 38th Parallel quickly, they closed on Pyongyang, capturing the North Korean capital city, Seoul.

The sudden intervention of Communist Chinese Forces dashed hopes of a quick end to the war. First Team troopers fought courageously in the north-south, see-saw campaigns that followed and successfully defended the city of Seoul. After 18 months of continuous fighting, the Division rotated back to Hokkaido, Japan in 1952 for rest and rehabilitation. Following the armistice, the Division relocated to Korea in 1957, with the mission of patrolling the Demilitarized Zone for 8 years.

Demilitarized Zone - Korea
1957 - 1965

Pentomic Division TOE

Concurrent with the reorganization and reflagging of the 1st Cavalry Division to the pentomic concept, the 545th MP Company, the 61st, 77th, 82nd, and 99th Field Artillery Battalions, the 26th and 29th AAA Battalions and the 70th Tank Battalion, which had served so nobly in Korea and Japan, were inactivated and relieved from assignment to the 1st Cavalry Division.

Vietnam
1965 - 1972

Operation LeJeune, 04 April '67

The Division went home in 1965, to Ft. Benning, GA, but only long enough to be reorganized for a new mission, becoming the Army's first air mobile division. The First Team was back in combat as the first fully committed division of the Vietnam War. Their first real combat test came during the Pleiku campaign that lasted for 35 days of continuous air mobile operations. The troopers destroyed two of the three regiments of a North Vietnamese Division.

The first actions of 1968 began by terminating the longest Vietnam actions of the Division, Operation PERSHING. Later, for nearly a year the Division scoured the Bong Son plain, An Lo valley and the hills of coastal II Corps, seeking out enemy units and their sanctuaries. When the operation ended, the enemy had lost 5,401 soldiers and 2,400 enemy soldiers had been detained.

Moving to I Corps, Vietnam's northern most tactical zone, the Division set up Camp Evans for their new base camp. Early in the next year, the enemy launched the Tet Offensive, a major effort to overrun South Vietnam. Some 7,000 enemy, primarily well equipped, crack NVA regulars blasted their way into the imperial city of Hue and Quang Tri, the capital of Vietnam's northern most province.

Taking actions in the conflict, Quang Tri and Hue were sequentially liberated. Shattering the enemy's dreams of a Tet victory, the 1st Cavalry Division "Sky-troopers" moved to relieve the besieged Marine Base at Khe Sann. The First Team was "First into Cambodia," hitting what was previously a Communist sanctuary. Troopers deprived the enemy of much needed supplies and ammunition, scattering the enemy forces. The Vietnam service for the Division ended in 1972 when its last brigade began withdrawing. The 1st Cavalry Division had been the first division to go, and the last to leave.

TriCap To Armor
1971 - 1990

Return Of Forces To Germany

On 05 May 1971, advanced elements of the 1st Cavalry Division returned to the United States and based their operations in Ft. Hood, TX. where they were reorganized as the "First Triple Capability (TRICAP) Division." This TRICAP designation stemmed from its organization, consisting three fronts of attack; - an armored brigade, a mechanized infantry brigade, an airmobile brigade, along with support troops tailored to assist the combat elements of the Division.

The 1st Cavalry Division was reorganized,in 1975, to add a computerized system to increase the effectiveness of artillery (TACFIRE), becoming the newest armored division in the Army. In parallel, they tested the Division Restructure (DRS) concept to evaluate the most effective use of manpower and weapons systems for the battles to be fought in the future.

The first National Training Center (NTC) rotation for the Division took place in 1982 to initiate a long on-going series of tough, realistic desert battles. The Division now conducts three NTC rotations a year. All the training, modernization, planning, and operations culminated in REFORGER '83, when the First Team deployed nearly 9,000 soldiers to Holland, drew pre-positioned equipment, moved to a staging area and conducted exercise "Certain Strike" on the plains of Northern Germany. The success of the exercise proved that the Division was fully capable of performing its wartime mission.

In 1987 the First Team became the first division to field and train with Mobile Subscriber Equipment (MSE), the militarized version of a commercial cellular telephone system which became fully operational in 1988. In 1989 the Division added new weapons to its inventory with combined use of the AH-64 Apache, M2 Bradley, and MSE. In addition, the AH-64 Apaches had the capability to launch "Hellfire" anti-armor missiles. A variation in one of the missiles design provided the capability to be guided to it's target by the new OH-58D Observation Helicopter.

Gulf War, Desert Shield - Desert Storm
1990 - 1991

Destroy The Republican Guard

In August 1990, the 1st Cavalry Division was alerted for deployment to Southwest Asia as part of the joint and combined forces participating in Operation DESERT SHIELD. The focus at that time was the defense of Saudi Arabia against potential Iraqi attack. With minimum delay, chartered aircraft flew the First Team soldiers from Robert Gray Army Airfield, Ft. Hood, TX, to Dhahran International Airport via Paris, France and Cairo, Egypt. As soon as each unit drew their prepositioned equipment, they moved to an Assembly Area in the desert 160 miles west of the port. In this engagement First Team infantrymen were issued the newest version of the Bradley Fighting Vehicle, the up-armored M2A2 tank.

Before hostilities took place, the First Team gained valuable experience in combined operations through coordination with French, Egyptian and Syrian forces. In 1991, the Division, attached to VII (US) Corps, and the focus of the First Team began to shift toward offensive action. The Division moved nearly 500 kilometers to another assembly area near King Khalid Military City (KKMC) in northern Saudi Arabia, a key strategic location covering the historic Wadi al Batin approach into Saudi Arabia In Operation DESERT STORM, their "First" major mounted ground engagement, the Division attacked 10 miles into Iraq, confirming and destroying enemy positions. Regrouping, the Division charged west pausing only to refuel before passing through breeches in the enemy obstacle belt and within 24 hours they had gone 300 kilometers, slicing deep into the enemy's rear. The cease fire, which came after 100 hours of action, halted the continuing attack as the Division were "closing on" and preparing to destroy an entire Division of the Republican Guard.

Force Restructuring
1991 - 1993

Upon its return to the United States in 1991, the 1st Cavalry Division became the largest division in the Army, with the reactivation of its 3rd Brigade Combat Team. The following year saw the activation of the Engineer Brigade. In August of 1993, the reflagging actions were completed and following its reorganization, the Division became the Army's largest division and only armored contingency force.

Desert Peace Keepers
1992 - 2000

Desert Landscape At Night

The U.S. Army Forces Central Command (ARCENT) - Kuwait, a major subordinate command of the U.S. ARCENT of Ft. McPherson, GA. and U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) of Tampa, FL, is the operational unit of the US Army in Kuwait. The mission of the U.S. CENTCOM is to a) support US and free-world interests by assuring access to Mideast oil resources, b) help friendly regional states maintain their own security and collective defense, c) maintain an effective and visible US military presence in the region, d) deter threats by hostile regional states and e) project a military force into the region if necessary.

Following the Gulf War, members of US Central Command's Army component and the armed forces of Kuwait agreed to participate in a series of Combined Exercises held within the framework of the Mutual Defense Cooperation Agreement between Kuwait and the United States. In these exercises, Army battalions rotate into Camp Doha for training with the Kuwaiti while brigade command elements rotate into various locations in the country to gain familiarity with the terrain to develop and practice a mutual set of defensive postures. These exercises represented an opportunity for US Army forces to work with Kuwaiti armed forces in country while at the same time demonstrating US capability and commitment to the region.

Since Desert Storm, the 1st Cavalry Division has responded several times to contingency requirements to participate in joint desert training, and deploy in maneuvering exercises which support the mission objectives of the US Central Command. Each operation has underscored the need for vigilance and quick response and reinforced the value of pre-positioned equipment and limited forward presence in offsetting the strategic time/distance challenges inherent in winning the "race for Kuwait."

Bosnia Peacekeepers
1998 - 1990

1st Cavalry Presence Patrol

On 17 April 1998, a Pentagon spokesman announced that the 1st Cavalry Division troops from Ft. Hood, Texas, would deploy in late summer to replace the US peace keeping force in Bosnia, the 1st Armored Division. It was an historic move. It was the first time a Continental United States (CONUS) based contingency unit would assume the Bosnian peacekeeping mission.

The mission of the 1st Cavalry Division was to conduct operations to enforce the military provisions set forth by the Dayton Accords. Their day-to-day presence and commitment to the citizens of this ravaged nation helped prove that a lasting and self-sustaining peace is possible. In order to conduct successful peace missions while in theater, soldiers were extensively trained on mine awareness, country and cultural customs and checkpoint and convoy operations.

During the six months, squads and platoons conducted over 9,000 combat patrols and escorted over 1000 convoy movements over some of the most rugged terrain and austere conditions. The soldiers conducted hundreds of weapons storage site inspections, established vehicle checkpoints designed to monitor and control movement and often conducted searches for and seizures of illegal contraband and weapons.

The Next Generation - Force XXI
2000 - 2020

Moving UAV To Launch Area

"Force XXI" was the comprehensive process of the Army for modernizing and preparing for the challenges of the 21st Century. Force XXI projects soldiers into the 21st century and provides them with the necessary doctrine and organizations, the most realistic training, and the best equipment and weapon systems that our nation can provide. In Fiscal Year 2001, the 1st Cavalry Division began its transition to the Force XXI design.

Providing the Division with Force XXI equipment that is fully digitized creates a "collaborative virtual environment" that, among other advantages, gives commanders, separated by great distances, the ability to communicate through various digital systems providing situational awareness across the battlefield.

In its end configuration, Force XXI equipment will best ideally suited for joint operations and is designed to be fully compatible with the operational systems of the other services. Seamless information connectivity with the other elements of the joint force are its primary characteristic and is essential for the success of joint operations. The mission of the Army is to equip the Division with a capability based upon the achievement of a full-spectrum dominance against any potential enemy across the entire field of military operations by 2015 - 2020.

Global War On Terror
2001 - 2010

The changeover in FORCE-XXI structure was well underway when on 11 September 2001, terrorists, master minded by Osama bin Laden, attacked the United States in four separate instances.

• The first, hijacked American Airlines Flight 11 hit the North Tower of the World Trade Center, New York, NY at 0845 hours.
• The second, hijacked United Airlines Flight 175, hit the South Tower of the World Trade Center, New York, NY at 0903 hours.
• The third, hijacked American Airlines Flight 77, hit the West side of the Pentagon, Washington DC at 0943 hours.
• The fourth, United Airlines Flight 93 that lost control when the passengers attempted to overwhelm their hijackers, crashed into a field 8 miles east of Jennerstown, PA at at 1006 hours.

New York Twin Towers	Jennerstown Crash Site	The Pentagon Building

On 18 September, as a result of these incidents, President George W. Bush declared war on those countries who harbored terrorists and defined the military retaliations as Operation INFINITE JUSTICE. The origins of the name can be traced back to the 1998 Operation INFINITE REACH airstrikes against Osama bin Laden's facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan in response to the bombings of U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania.

Operation Enduring Freedom
2001

Just one month after the terrorist attacks of 11 September, President Bush initiated Operation Enduring Freedom. The following month, U.S. Forces entered Afghanistan to begin offensives directed at those organizations and governments who were directly and indirectly responsible for the attacks. The 545th Military Police Company deployed and were responsible for interrogating and processing nearly 2500 detainees.

Operation CLEAR SKIES

In early September, Fire Support Elements of 4th Battalion, 5th Air Defense Artillery (ADA) along with staff officers of the 32nd Army Air Missile Defense Command (AAMDC) deployed to the National Capitol Region to support the multi-layered air defense military exercise, This exercise integrated fighter and support aircraft, radar and ground-based air defense systems and communication links, including those of the Sentinel radar, Avenger Antiaircraft Missile Weapon System, and Stinger Man Portable missile systems of the 4th Battalion, 5th ADA.

On 09 September, the operation was upgraded as Operation CLEAR SKIES II and was scheduled to end on 14 September. However, on 10 September, in response to elevated security threats, the Secretary of Defense, Rumsfeld approved the transition of the exercise into a live operation NOBLE EAGLE - loading the launchers with live missiles to provide an extra layer of defense for the anniversary of the 11 September attack on the United States, which included a large outdoor ceremony at the Pentagon attended by President George W. Bush.

Operation IRAQI FREEDOM
2003

Security Alert

Despite heavy commercial and military air traffic in the immediate region, the soldiers of 4th Battalion, 5th ADA continued to be at a high state of alert and motivation. Relying on previous training for confidence in the success of this mission, they remain composed and continue to calmly man their strategically located positions around the capital, ready to respond should the situation warrant.

In early 2003, select divisional units were designated to deploy in support of Operation IRAQI FREEDOM. These specialized units included the 1-227 Aviation Battalion who provided aviation assets to the operations. maintenance support for the battalion was provided by the 615th Aviation support battalion and airfield security was provided by the 1-21 Field Artillery. The 68th Chemical Company was attached to 3rd Infantry Division serving as a Hazardous material response team.

In response to the increase of the threat level change to "Orange", Fire Support Elements of the 4th Battalion, 5th ADA redeployed to the national capital and by 12 February all of their equipment was in position and integrated into the defense system communications network. Since that movement, they have remained there on station, carrying out their assigned precautionary and prudent defense mission.

Operation IRAQI FREEDOM - II
2003 - 2005

Advance, Destroy Everything !!

In the fall of 2003, the Division as a whole was ordered to prepare for deployment to support Operation IRAQI FREEDOM - II. In January 2004, Division elements began deploying to the theater of operations and in April the Division assumed command and control of Task Force - Baghdad.

Deployed under the designation of Task Force BAGHDAD, the Division established and operated from 40 Forward Operating Bases (FOB) throughout the Iraqi capital city. Carrying out their mission, they came in direct contact with the terrorists, battling enemy forces more than 935 times, which included subversive attacks by small-arms fire, mortar, Rocket-Propelled Grenades and Improvised Explosive Devices.

During the deployment 2,508 combat badges and 175 medals for valor, including two Silver Stars along with 1,900 Purple Hearts, were award to 1st Cavalry soldiers. The ceremony also served as a grim reminder of the cost of defending the freedoms of the country in Operation IRAQI FREEDOM-II as the cannons were fired to honor the loss of its 169 members who gave their lives in their service.

The Division engaged in multiple lines of operations simultaneously to defeat the enemy and win the support of the Iraqi people. Two major events in the march toward true democracy occurred during the year in the Iraqi capital: (1), the coalition returned sovereignty to the people of Iraq in June 2004; (2), the national elections of January 2005 demonstrated the resolve of the Iraqi people to gain control of their own country.

Modular Forces
2005

Back And Ready For Change

On 25 May 2005, the 1st Cavalry Division marked the official return from Iraq by uncasing its colors in a ceremony held on Cooper Field Parade Grounds. More than 2,500 soldiers, representing all of the units of the Division, were in attendance. During the ceremony the many accomplishments and sacrifices of the Division while in Iraq were highlighted.

Following six months of extensive planning, officers of the 1st Cavalry Division began executing the monumental task of reorganizing and realigning its manpower and equipment resources into the Army Matrix of Modular Forces. A whirlwind sequence of 31 Unit Changes of Commands, including ten new Unit Activations, nineteen Unit Inactivations along with transfers of two Units, were executed in the traditional Cavalry ceremony. As each newly activated Brigade changed command, they changed their colors and become a Brigade Unit of Action (BUA). Under the reorganization, the Division is composed of six Brigades.

While undertaking the transformation changes, the Division experienced nearly a fifty percent turnover in personnel while performing the coordination of arrival and reallocation of critical new equipment required to support their new missions. Simultaneously, with the equipment changeovers, new training and maintenance programs were initiated to prepare for possible combat redeployment in the summer of 2006 or as may be directed by the Army Command. On 16 October 2005, a major milestone of the "Stand Up" of the 4th Brigade Combat Team at Ft. Bliss, TX. completed the transformation of the 1st Cavalry Division into a Matrix of Modular Forces.

Operation IRAQI FREEDOM - IV
2005 - 2008

1st Cavalry Division TOA

On 20 June 2006, the 1st Cavalry Division Headquarters received orders to return to Iraq later in the year. The units designated to return along with the 1st Cavalry Headquarters and their Special Troops Battalion (STB) were the 2nd (BlackJack) Brigade Combat Team, who was closing out a specialized training session at the National Training Center - Ft. Irwin, CA, and the 3rd (GreyWolf) Combat Team, who were completing battlefield training at the Joint Readiness Training Center - Ft. Polk, LA. Approximately 12,000 soldiers of the Division staffing level of 18,500 were covered by these orders. Although no timing or schedule was established for the deployment, the Division was expected to relieve the 4th Infantry Division currently deployed in Baghdad. Units still without orders, the 1st (Ironhorse) Brigade Combat Team at Ft. Hood, TX and the 4th (Longknife) Brigade Combat Team at Ft. Bliss, TX, continued to train as if they could be called up at any time.

Operation IRAQI FREEDOM - VI
2008 - 2010

Buffalo, IED Clearing Vehicle

On 19 May, the Department of Defense announced the deployment of over 6,000 Army and National Guard Troops in Texas for duty in the Middle East. The 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division was named among 25,000 designated to replace units in Iraq that are scheduled to return by the end of the year.

On 04 June, the 4th (Longknives) Brigade Combat Team began an initial step in their anticipated 15th month deployment by casing their colors in a ceremony at Cooper Field Parade Grounds. Although an advanced party left Central Texas for Iraq four days ago, the entire Brigade is not scheduled to deploy for Operation Iraqi Freedom - VI until mid June.

On 30 June, the Department of Defense announced that the 1st and 2nd Brigade Combat Teams of the 1st Cavalry Division is to deploy to Iraq in early 2009 to conduct a full spectrum of operations. The announcement reflected the continued commitment of the United States to the security of the Iraqi people, and provides replacement forces required to maintain the current level of effort in Iraq. The release also explained that "any subsequent deployment orders will be issued based on force level decisions made in the future."

On 30 September, In a second Department of Defense announcement, the 1st Cavalry Division Headquarters received orders to deploy in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom in early 2009. More than 1,100 Soldiers serve in the Division Headquarters and they provide command and control, intelligence, communication and logistical support among other capabilities while conducting stability and security operations in cooperation with Iraqi Security Forces and local governments. The deployment orders marked the third time that the 1st Cavalry Division Headquarters has deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom.

The Air Cavalry Brigade, undertaking their third deployment since 2004, prepared to join the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Brigade Combat Teams of the 1st Cavalry Division who are already "in theater". On 20 April 2009, the first flights of 1st Air Cavalry Brigade Soldiers, the last brigade of the 1st Cavalry Division to deploy, left Robert Gray Airfield for Iraq amid a cheering crowd of family members and friends. More than 250 Soldiers were in the "Torch" or advance party of the brigade. The advanced party included the lead elements of the 615th Aviation Support Battalion who will be in charge of the port operations of helicopter assembly, test and inspection in Kuwait.

Operation IRAQI DRAWDOWN
2009 - 2010

4th BCT "Torch Party"

On 04 May 2009, the "Torch Party" of the 4th Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division composed of 5th Battalion, 82nd Field Artillery Troopers, returned from Iraq to hundreds of cheering family members, fellow Soldiers and other guests at a welcoming home ceremony in front of the Division headquarters. The torch party was sent back earlier than the rest of the unit to help set up operations for their unit when it starts to return in its entirety. Flights for the 4th BCT Soldiers were scheduled to go on for the next several weeks, bringing the rest of the Brigade back to Ft. Hood, TX.

On 10 November, an advanced party (Greywolf Advon 1) of 300 personnel from the 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division was the first group of Soldiers from the Division to return after deployment for a year in Mosul, Iraq. Their friends and families were patiently waiting and then, almost on cue, the white buses arrived from the airport, full of Grey Wolf Troopers. The Soldiers filed quickly filed out and fell into formation. The music stops. The crowd grows quiet. An officer says a quick prayer and then calls out the command the families have long awaited - Charge !! The families rush the field to find their loved one in a sea of camouflage.

On 26 December, the last flight of 2nd Brigade Combat Team Members, 1st Cavalry Division members, arriving from Iraq, missed Christmas by a couple of hours, however not one Soldier or family member seemed to care as they walked across Cooper Field, most donning Santa Claus hats.

0n 13 January 2010, the 1st Cavalry Division closed out its responsibilities of Operation IRAQ - VI (Rotation 08-10), formally "Multi-National Division Forces - West and Baghdad" by executing a Transfer Of Authority to the commander of the incoming division (now designated as "USD - Center") of control, the 1st Armored Division. The next day, 14 January, the flight of the trail party of the 1st Cavalry Division Headquarters Soldiers arrived at Ft. Hood, TX and as they gathered at the homecoming ceremony at Coopers Field to greet their family and friends, the Colors of the 1st Cavalry Division were uncased, signifying the return of the Division from the combat operations of Operation IRAQ - VI (Rotation 08-10).

On 17 March, the advanced party of the 1st Air Cavalry Brigade, the last organizational unit of the 1st Cavalry Division scheduled to leave Operation IRAQ - VI (Rotation 08-10), began its return to Ft. Hood as 150 soldiers were welcomed back from Iraq at Cooper Field. Soldiers from across the Brigade made up the advance party that will prepare for the arrival of the rest of the Brigade in April.

Table of Contents

Appendices

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On 17 July 1944, a group of "First Team" soldiers in the Admiralty Islands agreed to form an Association of 1st Cavalry Division soldiers and veterans to preserve old friendships and conduct periodic reunions. The first reunion of the 1st Cavalry Division Association was held in 1948 at El Paso, TX - Ft. Bliss, the location where the 1st Cavalry Division was organized in 1921.

Today, the 1st Cavalry Division Association is the corporate body of veterans, forming a fraternal organization of some 24,000 alumni on the active rolls with a period of duty assignment to the 1st Cavalry Division which ranges from the 1930's to today's active duty trooper. The organization is non-sectarian, non-profit and non-political.

Who is eligible for membership? Anyone who has been assigned or attached to the 1st Cavalry Division anytime, anywhere is eligible for life membership. Other Military Personnel who served along side the 1st Cavalry Division and Friends of the Cavalry who have not served with the Division can become Associate Members.

Belonging to the 1st Cavalry Association preserves and strengthens friendships shared over the years through chapter activities, annual reunions and the publication of the monthly newspaper, "The Saber". Furthermore, the opportunity to meet other people and make new friendships through association activities; from horse cavalry through ground and airmobile infantry to heavy armor, we share a great Division heritage and tradition.

Former members of the 1st Cavalry Division may enroll and obtain tangible evidence of membership in this great fraternity, i.e. lapel pin, membership card and certificate, decals, a one-year subscription to the Saber and finally notwithstanding the opportunity to be involved in special projects such as the Scholarship Fund. To obtain a membership application, "Click" on the  Link  button below and print out the form by using your browser "PRINT" function.